2 Samuel 19:35

Authorized King James Version

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I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

Original Language Analysis

בֶּן old H1121
בֶּן old
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 1 of 32
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
שְׁמֹנִ֣ים fourscore H8084
שְׁמֹנִ֣ים fourscore
Strong's: H8084
Word #: 2 of 32
eighty, also eightieth
שָׁנָה֩ years H8141
שָׁנָה֩ years
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 3 of 32
a year (as a revolution of time)
אָֽנֹכִ֨י H595
אָֽנֹכִ֨י
Strong's: H595
Word #: 4 of 32
i
הַיּ֜וֹם I am this day H3117
הַיּ֜וֹם I am this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 5 of 32
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַֽאֵדַ֣ע׀ and can I discern H3045
הַֽאֵדַ֣ע׀ and can I discern
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 6 of 32
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
בֵּֽין H996
בֵּֽין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 7 of 32
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
ט֣וֹב between good H2896
ט֣וֹב between good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 8 of 32
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
לְרָ֗ע and evil H7451
לְרָ֗ע and evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 9 of 32
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 10 of 32
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יִטְעַ֤ם taste H2938
יִטְעַ֤ם taste
Strong's: H2938
Word #: 11 of 32
to taste; figuratively, to perceive
עַבְדְּךָ֥ can thy servant H5650
עַבְדְּךָ֥ can thy servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 12 of 32
a servant
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 32
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר or what H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר or what
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 32
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֹכַל֙ I eat H398
אֹכַל֙ I eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 15 of 32
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 32
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר or what H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר or what
Strong's: H834
Word #: 17 of 32
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֶשְׁתֶּ֔ה I drink H8354
אֶשְׁתֶּ֔ה I drink
Strong's: H8354
Word #: 18 of 32
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 19 of 32
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
אֶשְׁמַ֣ע can I hear H8085
אֶשְׁמַ֣ע can I hear
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 20 of 32
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
ע֔וֹד H5750
ע֔וֹד
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 21 of 32
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
בְּק֖וֹל any more the voice H6963
בְּק֖וֹל any more the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 22 of 32
a voice or sound
וְשָׁר֑וֹת and singing women H7891
וְשָׁר֑וֹת and singing women
Strong's: H7891
Word #: 23 of 32
to sing
וְשָׁר֑וֹת and singing women H7891
וְשָׁר֑וֹת and singing women
Strong's: H7891
Word #: 24 of 32
to sing
וְלָמָּה֩ H4100
וְלָמָּה֩
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 25 of 32
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
יִֽהְיֶ֨ה H1961
יִֽהְיֶ֨ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 26 of 32
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
עַבְדְּךָ֥ can thy servant H5650
עַבְדְּךָ֥ can thy servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 27 of 32
a servant
עוֹד֙ H5750
עוֹד֙
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 28 of 32
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
לְמַשָּׂ֔א be yet a burden H4853
לְמַשָּׂ֔א be yet a burden
Strong's: H4853
Word #: 29 of 32
a burden; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 30 of 32
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲדֹנִ֖י unto my lord H113
אֲדֹנִ֖י unto my lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 31 of 32
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 32 of 32
a king

Analysis & Commentary

I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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